成为母亲原本是一个开心的过程,但是也有很多需要学习的地方,比如喂养方面,今天来看看马来西亚婴幼儿喂养指南吧,妈妈们可以参考参考,减少疑惑.
*本文内容翻译自马来西亚卫生部和马来西亚营养协会，文末注明资料来源。
婴幼儿喂养原则
2.从六个月大的时候开始给母乳喂养和非母乳喂养的婴儿添加辅食。按需母乳喂养必须持续到婴儿两岁。
3.提供足够的食物以满足能量需求。根据年龄增加食物量。
4.提供多种食物，以确保满足所有营养需求。肉类、家禽、鱼、蛋、奶和奶制品应经常食用。
5.随着婴儿年龄的增长，逐渐改变食物的质地和准备方法，以适应婴儿的发育和能力。
6.根据年龄增加喂食频率。
7. 实行顺应式喂养，应用心理社会关怀的原则。（英文为“responsive feeding”，字面意思是“应答式喂食”，强调的是父母或抚养者和孩子在喂食时的互动，鼓励孩子发出饥饿信号，并给予及时、恰当的回应，最后让孩子逐步学会独立进食。 ）
8. 实行安全的食物准备、处理和储存方式。
9.生病期间，给婴幼儿多喝水和其他液体。提供少量但频繁的膳食。
婴幼儿喂养指南
6 到 8 个月，每天 2-3 餐，1-2 次零食
6个月后开始
从果/菜泥（puree）开始，转向捣碎（mashed）的食物
不加糖、盐和酱料。
每一次等待 3-4 天才引入新食物以监测是否食物过敏
可以介绍的食物：香蕉、粥、南瓜、鸡肉
9 到 11 个月，每天 3-4 餐，1-2 次零食
供应切碎的手指食物
结合不同的食物来创造美味的饭菜
不加糖、盐和酱料
可以介绍的食物：杂粮饼干、葡萄、西兰花、豆类
12 个月以上，每天 4-5 餐，1-2 次零食
开始与家人一起吃一样的食物
减少盐、油、调味料和酱料的使用
使用适合年龄餐具来鼓励自主进食和学习
父母要有耐心和说服力，避免威胁和贿赂幼儿
可以介绍的食物：小麦麦片、柑橘类水果、菠菜、全蛋
宝宝应该吃多少？
给宝宝喂食每个食物组中的各种食物。确保份量适合年龄。
更多婴幼儿的喂养资料可以到以下网站:
https://mynutribaby.org.my/
Feeding Principles
1.Practise exclusive breastfeeding from birth to six months of age. Complementary foods must be given at six months of age (180 days) while continuing to breastfeed until two years of age.
2.Introduce complementary foods to breastfed and non-breastfed infants beginning at six months of age. Breastfeeding on demand must be continued until the baby is two years of age.
3.Give adequate food to meet the energy needs. Increase the amount of food according to age.
4.Give a variety of foods to ensure that all nutrient needs are met. Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, milk and dairy products should be given frequently.
5.Gradually change food texture and preparation methods as the infant gets older, adapting to the infant’s development and abilities.
6.Increase the feeding frequency according to age.
7.Practise responsive feeding, applying the principles of psycho-social care.
8.Practise safe preparation, handling and storage of food.
9.During illness, give infants and young children more water and other fluids. Offer small but frequent meals.
6 to 8 months, 2-3 meals, 1-2 snacks a day
Start after 6 months
Start with purees, move on to mashed foods
No sugar,salt, and sauces.
Wait for 3-4 days to introduce new food to monitor food allergy
You can introduce:banana, rice porridge, pumpkin, chicken
9 to 11 months, 3-4 meals, 1-2 snacks a day
Serve chopped and finger foods
Combine different food to create delicious meals
No sugar, salt, and sauces
You can introduce:multigrain crackers,grapes, broccoli, legumes
12+ months, 4-5 meals, 1-2 snacks a day
Start serving table food with the rest of the family
Reduce salt, oil, seasoning and sauces used
Use age-appropriate illustrated cutlery to encourage self-feeding and learning
Be patient and persuasive, avoid threats and bribes
You can introduce: wheat cereals, citrus fruits, spinach, whole egg
How much should a baby eat ?
Feed your baby a variety of food from each food group. Ensure that the portion size is appropriate with age.
Sample Meal Plan (6-24 months)
Resources:
Garis Panduan Pemberian Makanan Bayi dan Kanak-Kanak Kecil
https://www.moh.gov.my/moh/resources/auto%20download%20images/589d762d898e2.pdf
MyNutri Baby Food Compass
https://mynutribaby.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/recommended-food-intake-6-8-9-11-months1.pdf
Sample Meal Plan (6-24 months)
https://mynutribaby.org.my/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Sample-Meal-Plan-6-24-months-20150429.pdf
Online guide to baby nutrition spearheaded by Nutrition Society of Malaysia
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